A Comparison Of Judaism, Islam, & Christianity Essays -

A Comparison Of Judaism, Islam, & Christianity Religion is one of the driving forces behind many of the events and attitudes that have shaped our world. Throughout the centuries, laws have been enacted; cities and countries have been created and destroyed; and wars have been fought, all to promulgate or protect one religion or another. This paper will examine aspects of the three major Western religions of the world: Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Topics covered will include the origin of all three religions, the view of God held by each tradition, and conflicts. Several of the beliefs of these religions will be examined, such as judgment, and the Trinity. Origin of Judaism The origins of Judaism can be traced back to the stories of the Old Testament, or Tanakh. Although these stories cannot be substantiated by other historical means (there are no historical references to the Hebrews until 1230 BCE) careful examination of the Tanakh indicate that Abraham, the first patriarch of the Jews, lived between 1700-1900 BCE. Abraham, his son Isaac and grandson Jacob are said in the Bible to form the nucleus of the new religion. These patriarchs, along with their wives Sarah, Rebecca, Leah and Rachel (the matriarchs) established their new religion in the land of Canaan. Jacob fathered twelve sons. These men became the leaders of the twelve tribes of Israel. Due to famine in Canaan, these men moved with their families to Goshen, which was located in Egypt. The lot of the Jews in Egypt was not good. About four centuries after the relocation from Canaan to Egypt, the Israelites had become the slaves of the pharaohs, building the massive monuments that are still standing to this day. In the book of Exodus, the new leader of the Jews, Moses, leads the people out of bondage in Egypt. The defining moment in the Jewish tradition occurs when God speaks to Moses and presents him with the Ten Commandments engraved on stone tablets. After forty years, the Jews returned to Canaan, driving out the current occupants and naming the captured city of Jerusalem as the capital. It was here, in the city of David, that the first temple was built. Origin of Christianity At the beginning of the Common Era, Jesus Christ was born in the city of Bethlehem. Very little is known about his childhood. Around the age of thirty, Jesus began his ministry with his baptism by John the Baptist, and the gathering of the twelve disciples. While spreading the gospel, Jesus performed many miracles and healed many of the sick and disabled. Because of his radical beliefs, Jesus ran afoul of the Jewish leaders and the local Roman prefect, Pontius Pilate. He was crucified and resurrected, ascending to Heaven to sit at the right hand of the Father. After being called to serve by a vision of Christ, Apostle Paul (Saul) began to really spread the faith from 48 to 62 CE. Pauls missionary journeys spread the faith throughout the entire Mediterranean Basin by 100 CE. During the reign of the Roman emperor Constantine, Christianity became the official religion of Rome in 313 CE. This is the beginning of what would evolve officially into the Roman Catholic Church within the next few decades. With the fall of the Roman Empire in the west, the western and eastern traditions began to drift apart, and in 1054 excommunicated each other. After western Crusaders ravaged Constantinople in 1204 CE the rift was permanent. In Germany, a new branch of Christianity developed in 1520 CE when Martin Luther expressed doubts over the legitimacy of indulgences and papal infallibility. Excommunicated from the Catholic Church, Luther was responsible for the Protestant Reformation. Origin of Islam In the fortieth year of his life, Muhammad received his revelation from the angel Gabriel in 610 CE. Over the next ten years his mission faced an uphill battle just to survive. The persecution of the Muslims in Mecca under the Quray*censored*es was such that the Hijrah (migration) from Mecca to Medina became necessary in 622 CE. Consolidating his power base in Medina, Muhammad fended off attacks by Mecca and in 630 made a triumphant return to Mecca. In 630 CE the prophet returned triumphant to Mecca with such a large band that the Meccans did not

The Skeleton in the Corporate Closet essay

The Skeleton in the Corporate Closet essay The Skeleton in the Corporate Closet essay The Skeleton in the Corporate Closet essayWhat is the leader’s role in creating and maintaining an ethical organization? What actions should Hap take to resolve his ethical dilemma?In the case â€Å"The Skeleton in the Corporate Closet†, important ethical dilemmas are presented to address the role of the corporate culture in maintaining an ethical organization. Actually, the leader plays an important role in creating and maintaining an ethical organization.   According to researchers, â€Å"organizational leaders can use organizational culture to create values that result in ethical or unethical behavior†(Sims, 2002, p. 310). Hap should take the proper actions to resolve his ethical dilemma. He should make a decision how to deal with the undesirable information to serve the best interests of the company’s stakeholders. If his decision is to make the information public, he should evaluate when and how this information must be released. In fact, this case is a complicated one because it requires finding the adequate ethical solution. The document which tells about the real inventor of the company’s product may be disclosed. In this case, the reputation of the company will be damaged. As a result, the success of the company on the competitive market may be lost. The most important task is to use the proper action to avoid the disclosure. Hap should follow the ethical principles, but he should not damage the company’s reputation.What options does CEO Hap Parker have for managing public perceptions of the firm?Hap Parker, the grandson of the company’s founder is the CEO of GPS. He has several options for managing public perceptions of the company. He knows that his grandfather’s name should not be impugned. Although Hap’s grandfather hadn’t invented Parkelite, he used his skills, knowledge and experience to build the successful company that promoted many other innovations (Kirby, 2002). The firs t option is to follow the advice of Newland Lowell, GPC’s lawyer who states that Hap may not divulge the secret information. Actually, this evidence did not change the trial’s outcome. The two fellow chemists, Hap’s grandfather and Karl Gintz, might have been working together on the innovation all along. Nevertheless, the concealment makes Hap Parker feel uncomfortable because GPC’s corporate culture has always been perfect and demonstrated integrity and credibility. It would be unfair to destroy the myth of GPC’s vibrant and fair corporate culture and lose credibility of 8,000 employees. The second option is to make the secret information public. In this case, Hap Parker would act ethically regarding Karl Gintz, but the reputation of the company would suffer. The best option is not to divulge the secret information.What obligations does the CEO, in this case Hap Parker, have to a corporation’s multiple stakeholders?The CEO of the company is Hap Parker. His obligations to a corporation’s multiple stakeholders, including employees, suppliers, the broader community and the environment, affect the overall success of the company. Ethical obligations to employees and suppliers include setting the example that shows respect for others. CEO should serve others, being honest and just in decision making. CEO should actively build a community following the established code of ethics. CEO should be open in his dealing with colleagues and with community leaders. CEO should be sensitive to other people’s needs, providing care and support to others (Kuper, 2006).   Undoubtedly, the GPC’s CEO is interested in economic prosperity of the company and its employees. Hap Parker should not divulge the secret information in order to keep the business flourishing.

Complex Stakeholder Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Complex Stakeholder Relationships - Essay Example The researcher states that the main three stakeholders of the London 2012 Olympics include the BOA (British Olympic Association), Mayor of London and the Government. Other stakeholders are DCMS (The Department for Culture, Media and Sports), Olympic Park Legacy Company and Paralympics GB. Discussion with the stakeholders had revealed that there is a spatial variation between the stakeholders with respect to the plan and expectations of the Olympics. But all the stakeholders agreed to a point that the integration of the Park within the surrounding areas was crucial to the success of the Olympics. Some of the concerned which was raised by some of the stakeholders were with respect to the LMF process which should not be just about the Olympic Park but also on a wider LLV (Lower Lea Valley) area. The fringe was the priority which should surround the Olympic park but there were some concerns that fringe would be the second stage area which would generate a higher economic return. The stak eholders also expressed mixed views on the opportunity that the game would provide for the East London and LLV. Some stakeholders said that Olympics can be used as a hook in order to raise aspiration which would, in turn, improve the quality of life of the people and the also increase the employment opportunities. But experiences from the previous cities which have hosted the Olympics, however, do not provide a strong support for the statement but the stakeholders believe that the event can potentially be used as one of the core mechanism for raising aspiration as well as mobilizing the communities. Some of the stakeholders though and viewed that a careful balance was essentially required between opportunities to maximize it and of expectation. Some of the stakeholders stressed the importance of engaging the private sector in Olympics legacies whereas other argued that the worst scenario of the private sector is that the public sector alone would decide upon the vision of the event but the stakeholders were of the view that the private sector would play a key role in the planning of the park and also of LLV

Issues of Faculty Training for Online Courses Research Paper - 1

Issues of Faculty Training for Online Courses - Research Paper Example Second, the approach provides a window of opportunity for innovation (Noor, 2008). Third, the method can be perfectly suited for studying novel and rare phenomenon (Seidman, 2013).  Finally this method is good for challenge (Bogdan & Biklen, 2007). The disadvantages include the following; first, the approach is difficult to derive a definite cause effect inference (Lichtman, 2006). Second, the method is hard to generalize from a single a case and finally it is possible to get biases in data collection and interpretation (Merriam & Merriam, 2009).   The study shall employ semi structured interviews during th process of data collection as they are characterized by topical guidance that contain main questions that are used in a similar manner in every interview. Further, the sequence of the questions is intended to be also following a similar pattern. The choice of semi structured interview had been arrived at due to the fact that there were certain elements within the topic in relation to the sample to be chosen that this researcher might have grasped. Nonetheless, since this is a novel inquiry, the study shall be allowed to take its own course and the questions shall not be imposed upon the participants as a way of imposing the meaning as consequence. Interviews are also comparatively cheaper if done on a relatively small

ASDA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ASDA - Essay Example Management, another problem, was too busy putting up stores and playing or having fun hiding themselves from the realities of the daily store activities. The buying department buys what it wants without asking what the marketing department and the store managers their inputs as to what to buy, when to buy and how many they will buy There are too many red tapes. What should Archie Norman do Archie Norman should talk (Elliott et al, 2002) with some key personnel of the company, from the top management down to the lowest ranking employees. He should also ask questions from walk in customers and passersby why the will or will buy or what they think of the company. Based on these facts, he will now come up with counter measures that will bring back the customers and the morale of the employees. The red tapes must be removed by reducing or terminating redundant top management people. He must help bring up the declining stock market price of ASDA shares (Exhibit 3) by institutionalizing major reforms in inter-departmental communication. What changes should Norman make, when, and in what order should be make them Archie Norman must institute many drastic changes NOW, not tomorrow, to improve the financial performance of ASDA. Most of its store outlets must lower their selling prices to bring back droves of its former loyal customers who could not afford the sudden increase in prices.The ASDA increased its upscale offerings to corner the rich client's market segment. The rich clients prefer to shop with upscale store which carried high end brands. A few branches of ASDA located near rich neighborhoods can still continue with its upscale offerings to continue serving its rich clients. Another change that Archie Norman will have to do is to call a general meeting of all its rank and file employees. The financial problem of the company will be brought out and each will submit before the meeting ends their comments, suggestions, and complaints.A select committee will be formed composed of the managers of each branch and other upper level management staff. They will now come up with projected (or forecasted) income statements and balance sheets. The forecast will be brainstormed by the different departments involved such as the finance department ( to give assurance that enough cash inflow will be available to pay its obligations when they become due), the buying department ( the buying department must only buy what the marketing department asks them to buy), marketing department ( the marketing department will make sales forecast based on its historical (past) sales trend and its new and more vigorous promotional ventures ( advertisements in the tri-media [ radio, t elevision, newspaper] to drum up sales), store managers ( each store is treated a cost center meaning they have to forecast their own sales and expenses and to explain why there is an increase or decrease in the assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenses for each month).Those top manager who have not performed well with no hope of improving will be retrenched after reviewing the results of the psychological tests given to them.All ASDA stores will now have a fast food corner. Since the customers have declined for the past few years ending 1991( Exibibit 4 sales per square foot of only 519), A fast food chain that will rival Mcdonalds inside an ASDA store will cater to

The Financial Crisis Of 2008 Finance Essay

The Financial Crisis Of 2008 Finance Essay There were many economic and political factors that lead to the financial crisis of 2008. Specific regulations, companies overstepping their boundaries with leverage, and the housing market bubble are only a few that have been said to have caused it. All of these factors were very important, and some of them are still happening today. The following four companies were on the front pages of almost every newspaper during this time, Bear Stearns Co., Lehman Brothers Holding Inc., Washington Mutual, and JPMorgan Co. To understand how these companies became major players in the financial crisis, the history of the companies must be shown. Bear Stearns Co. began when three men named, Joseph A. Bear, Robert B. Stearns and Harold C. Mayerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [Invested] $500,000 in capital to start one of the biggest independent investment banks in history. (11) Bear Stearns Co. came to be an extremely strong company. During the stock market crash, the firm [laid] off none of its employees. (11) Bear Stearns was always a strong company and it was not until 2007 that the company had its first quarterly loss. (11) To investors of a public company, over eighty years of profits means someone is running the company right. But once that first loss happened, the stock price sunk for the first time in company history. Lehman Brothers Holding Inc. was originally a small shop (4) that Henry Lehman opened when he moved to Alabama. After [Henrys] death in 1855à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Lehman Brothers evolved from a general merchandising business to a commodities broker that bought and sold cotton. (4) Lehman Brothers helped fund many major companies that are still around today. Some of these companies include Paramont Pictures, 20th Century Fox, RCA, Haliburton, according to (4). Lehman Brothers kept growing even through the Great Depression, making it one of the largest and strongest financial services firms in the US. Washington Mutual originated in 1889 [as] Washington National Building Loan and Investment Associationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and [lent] its first $700 to build a house in Ballard. (8) Almost twenty years following, the banks name was changed to Washington Mutual Savings Bank. In April 1990, (8) Kelly Killinger was named the companys CEO. Within the next six years, WaMu acquired 16 smaller banks in Washington, Oregon, Utah and California. (8) In the year 1999, [Washington Mutual] buys subprime lender Long Beach Financial, which writes mortgages for people with less-than-stellar credit. This acquisition was a smart move for Washington Mutual to make more money, but it ends up coming back to haunt them in less than ten years. JPMorgan Chase Co. is one of the oldest, largest and best-known financial institutions in the world. (9) JPMorgan Co. started as The Manhattan Company in 1799. (9) JPMorgan Co. merged with many different big name banks and financial institutions of the time. Some of these banks included, Chase Manhattan Bank, Bank One, and The Bank of Manhattan. (9) JPMorgan Co. has also helped numerous big companies start and go public. JPMorgan helped create ATT, GE and U.S. Steel and also helped Apple Computers go public. There are a few different theories of the causes of the financial crisis. One theory is that Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and the FHA caused a housing bubble because they were loaning to lower income people that could not afford the mortgage payments after the ARM payments increased over a short period of time. ARM stands for adjustable rate mortgage, which means, when a house is purchased, there is a low interest rate that people like and can easily make the payments. However, the following year, the payment includes a higher interest rate, which is harder to pay, but still manageable. Then a year or so after that, the interest rate increases to an even higher percentage and this payment is too much for the homeowner to make the payment. The high interest on top of the principal made the mortgage payments so high that the number of foreclosures increased at a very rapid rate. Foreclosures are legal [processes] by which a bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦takes a homeowners propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [And ] is the result of non-payment of the mortgage. (3) Soon after, people owed more money on their house than it was originally worth. This caused a panic in the housing system because homeowners that have had their house for years still owed more than their house was worth. This became a huge problem for investors as well. Some people like to invest in houses and flip them to make a quick profit. Flipping a house is when a house is purchased at a cheap price and is then renovated and sold for a quick profit. These investors were able to buy the house for cheap, but since they were considered dealers instead of brokers, they had an inventory of houses that they could not sell. Having to make mortgage payments on three or four different houses cannot be easy when homeowners are having trouble making one mortgage payment. Many of these investors then had to foreclose on their houses, sending them pretty close, if not, into bankruptcy. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were also major contributors to the financial crisis. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government owned companies that were created to securitize mortgages, making the market for secondary mortgages larger. Securitizing mortgages is when a large amount of mortgages are combined into one security so investors only need to invest in one bond instead of hundreds or thousands of separate bonds, leaving more risk on the investor. AAA was, at the time, the safest bond that could be purchased on the bond market. Bonds are debt a company issues for investors to purchase, giving the company more money to operate with. Many investors choose bonds to invest in because they are extremely abundant and some are very low risk investments. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were government-owned, so the two most credible credit rating companies rated them as AAA. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae had been investing in mortgages that were eventually going to overturn; the bonds were not as safe of an investment as investors thought. This had a major impact on the rating system, making it not as trustworthy, influential or reliable as before. The reputation of credit rating companies has since been hard to trust and will remain questionable for a long time. There were now a countless number of foreclosures on the books of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Homeowners were not paying their mortgage payments because they did not have a reason to if they were going to lose their house. Once mortgages started to lose value to investors and homeowners, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac bonds were not as valuable. This caused a downturn in investments and questionable thoughts about Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The second theory for the cause of the financial crisis is that greedy bankers knowingly manipulated the financial system and politicians in Washington [took] advantage of homeowners and mortgage investors. (2) This means that back in 2004 when the exemption was passed, the bankers knew that by having fewer liabilities, they could make more money. So, when banks started being able to invest more money compared to their deposits, they were able to stuff more money back into their pockets, making them even richer than before. This was not good because some people say, money is power and investment bankers did not need more power or money to risk. This extended amount of money was unhealthy because the investment banks could risk more of their money and still have enough capital to cover the bank, if needed. The third and most thought out reason for the financial crisis has ten separate factors, leading to the real answer. (2) According to (2), the ten factors are a broad credit bubble, a sustained housing bubble, excess liquidity, failures in credit-rating and securitization transformed bad mortgages into toxic financial assets, managers amassed enormous concentrations of highly correlated housing risk, risk of contagion, common stock, rapid succession of ten firm failures, and severe contraction in the real economy. The factors listed above are not blaming one person or organization for something they did. These are rational reasons that could have caused the crisis and could have made it easier to calm. However, it is dangerous to conclude that the crisis would have been avoided only if we had regulated everything a lot more, had fewer housing subsidies, and had more responsible bankers. The crisis happened on a much bigger scale than what anyone could have predicted or prevented. The financial crisis of 2008 all started when Christopher Cox, the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, passed an exemption on the regulations for the big five investment banks. The meeting on April 28, 2004 was an urgent plea by the big investment banks. (1) These investment banks were looking for a way to raise their leverage ratio. It is said that at Bear Stearnsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [The leverage ratio] rose sharply, to 33 to 1 (1) shortly after the exemption was passed. The leverage ratio is the ratio between a companys liabilities and common equity. This was a major advantage to Bear Stearns, and the other big investment banks, because they could have a significantly lower amount of their deposits on hand than they were able to before. According to Harvey Goldschmid, a higher leverage ratio means if anything goes bad, it will be an awfully big mess.(1) This statement held true as we see today. On March 16, 2008, Bear Stearns made a deal with JPMorgan Chase Co. (12) This saved Bear Stearns from filing Chapter 11 Bankruptcy. Bear Stearns collapse was only the beginning and nobody could stop the economy from being blind-sided. Bear Stearns spiraled from being healthy to practically insolvent in about 72 hours. This was bad news for the entire economy. Bear Stearns experienced one of the largest bank runs in the history of the U.S. A bank run is when many depositors withdraw their money from a bank in a short period of time because the public does not have any confidence in the banking system as a whole. The public panics because they want to make believe their money will be safer outside of the bank. Bank runs do not occur nearly as often as they did before the FDIC. The Federal Deposit Insurance Company ensures depositors that their money will be safe from bank runs by insuring up to $250,000. A bank run can not only shut down a poorly operated bank but could also shut down a healthy bank. JPMorgan, backed by the New York Fed extended a sure line of credit that [gave] Bear Stearns at least 28 days to shore up its finances orà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ find a buyer. (12) Bear Stearns was in immediate trouble and people were starting to believe they wouldnt make it out of that one. JPMorgan agreed to pay a mere $2 a share to buy all of Bear [Stearns]. (13) This was a huge discount for JPMorgan because just one year earlier the stock was around $159.36. (14) This was an extreme drop in the price of a once highly valued stock. According to (14), the actual percentage of the price JPMorgan purchased at compared to the 52 week high was a 98.7 percent drop. This was by far the most dramatic drop in stock price in the 21st century, hoping to not be passed up in the near future. Lehman Brothers was a major factor in the financial crisis of 2008, not because the company was the reason of the crisis, but because Lehman Brothers was the largest bankruptcy case in the history of the United States. (6) The bankruptcy was approximately 691 billion dollars in assets. On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ under chapter 11of the United States Bankruptcy Code.(5) According to the Chapter 11 Bankruptcy form, Lehman Brothers had over 150 billion dollars of bond debt and over 2.5 billion dollars in bank debts. On May 31, 2008, Lehman Brothers had total assets of 639 billion dollars and debts of 613 billion dollars. This is far from what the leverage or debt ratio should be in a major investment bank. Immediately following the Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, Washington Mutual collapsed, causing one of the largest banks to also file for chapter 11 bankruptcy. The bankruptcy was preceded by a large amount of withdraws from the bank in a short amount of time. This is called a bank run. According to (7), Washington Mutual had a $16.4 billion dollar run on deposits in as little as a few days. So, after Lehman Brothers went bankrupt, the public started to get a little uneasy because they thought Lehman Brothers was a sound company. This resulted in many depositors of Washington Mutual to withdraw all or most of their funds. Moodys and Standard Poors are credit rating companies that are believed to have had a say in the financial crisis of 2008. Investors are very reliant on credit ratings, especially when it comes to bond investments. When purchasing a bond, there are ratings, which are related to the safety of the bond. An AAA bond rating is considered the safest bond that can be purchased and any bond with a rating of BB or lower is called a junk bond. A junk bond is considered to be a risky investment because it has a higher default risk than AAA bonds. Default risk is the risk that the borrower will not pay either interest or the principle back. For instance, the U.S. government treasury bonds have a lower default risk rate than Greek government treasury bonds. As earlier mentioned, Bear Stearns Co., Lehman Brothers Holding Inc., Washington Mutual, and JPMorgan Co. were major players in the financial crisis. It is hard to choose which theory is correct, but the third theory is the most reasonable because there is never only one factor that goes into changing the economy so drastically.

Business :: essays research papers

â€Å"Website Comparison for Banking† There is a big difference in nice-looking websites and websites designed to market business effectively. The many similarities and differences when viewing websites help end users determine who to conduct business with. Some of these include the look and feel of each website, the user friendly options, the navigation and accessibility when searching for a particular category or business. In this paper, we have compared and analyzed three different banking websites Washington Mutual, Compass Bank and Bank of America in an effort to summarize their effectiveness and to determine which website in our opinion would draw consumer interests. Washington Mutual   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When evaluating Washington Mutual’s website, there was one feature that stood out more than the websites for Compass Bank and Bank of America; their advertisement for Free Online Banking. This is centrally located on the web page because it is in a bright color and is toward the top of the page which is eye catching to the viewer (WAMU, 2005). Many people today choose to do banking on-line to not only save money on checks and stamps, but it is also less time-consuming. By offering this service for free, Washington Mutual has more chances to gain new customers than other banks, which may currently charge for on-line banking. For those existing customers, the login screen to obtain account information is fairly accessible. It is located on the top right hand corner of the web page and also gives the chance for the user to inquire on the password in case they have forgotten it (WAMU, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though Washington Mutual does have a couple of features that stand out in comparison to the other two banks, we believe that their website could be more user friendly if there was not so much information crowded together which makes it harder to read. They do have access to pertinent information for those trying to locate specific information such as home loans or location information, but it does not stand out and it is not eye catching for the end user. This may deter someone from opening an account with Washington Mutual simply because of the setup of the web page. Pictures and icons are very important for websites because they can catch the viewer’s attention and it also makes their browsing experience a better one. People want to access their bank information or any other banking needs as fast as possible.

History Of Green Technology Environmental Sciences Essay

In this new epoch, engineering is bettering fast and economic is turning quickly due to the epicurean life style of human presents. We can hold every bit much energy as we want by bring forthing expeditiously and continuously. But the negative impact that these energy green goods is more than positive impact because of resources that we need to utilize and blow merchandise that were produce from the procedure of bring forthing energy such as atomic energy and coal energy. On the other manus, the rapid growing of industry from agricultural industry to fabricating industry in the past decennaries has caused the production of energy to increase. However, the addition in these energy production consume a great sum of resource and will do pollution to the environment and besides people today has already cognizant of the effects of pollution that will convey to us in future. Therefore, production of green engineering and energy has been increasing in these few old ages.1.1 History of Green TechnologyIn the early yearss, before the industry revolution, people were utilizing the chief beginning, the Sun, to bring forthing the heat, they besides used the other beginning to help their day-to-day life, such as Equus caballuss as their transit usage, animate beings like cattles and donkeys as their labours, and the air current will utilize to travel the canvass and bring forth the simple machine. However, since the first introduce of modern steam engine by Thomas Newcomen and James Watt in the mid 1700s, people found the possibility of brand usage of the power of steam. The individual steam engines were shortly became powering engines, mills and farm implements after the coal dug from the stat mis of England and Appalachia. In the 1800s, more and more natural resources were founded utile and able to convey us a million of convenience, such as the oil and crude oil which usage in processed the gasolene for machine burning after that. However, this easiness has brought a batch of energy crisis all around the universe today due to the immense ingestion on the fossil fuels such as the oil, coal and the natural gas in the past decennary. Presents, green engineering can mention to many different things, such as clean energy, renewable energy, sustainable energy, waste direction and energy preservation. However, it is difficult to happen a history specify for green engineering in the past. During the 1900s, there were a series of energy crisis in the Middle East and things acquiring worse in twelvemonth 1973 when the trade stoppage imposed by the oil manufacturers of Iraq on America led the monetary value of rough oil to lift from $ 3 per barrel to $ 12 in twelvemonth 1974 and about make a mean monetary value of $ 45 in twelvemonth 1980. This determination was in response to the America gave their support for the Israel in the Arab-Israeli War ( Yom Kippur War ) . ( Terry Macalister, 3 March 2011 ) United Stated was wake uping by this oil crisis and realized the importance of the energy resources, hence get downing the initial push for developing the clean energy. In 1978, the National Energy Act became a landmark first measure in get downing the research and development of renewable energy, but the push for renewable criterions truly began in the sixtiess. ( http: //www.greenenergychoice.com/green-guide/renewable-events.html ) After that, Madrigal besides had a important research in solar, air current and other alternate energies because there is a sudden alteration in the energy cost and realisation of environmental crisis. These were the groundss to turn out that since 1900s, green engineering was undergoing a immense and rapid growing until today. In figure 1, the diagram shows the rapid growing of energy ingestion from twelvemonth 1986 to 2011.Figure 1: World primary energy ingestion grew by 2.5 % in 2011, less than half the growing rate experienced in 2010 but near to the historical norm. Rowth decelerated for all parts and for all fuels. Oil remains the universe ‘s prima fuel, accounting for 33.0 % of planetary energy ingestion, but this figure is the lowest portion on record. Coal ‘s market portion of 30.3 % was the highest since 1969.1.2 Research BackgroundEnergy is really of import presents in either industrialised state and besides consumed by family. Most of the energy is coming from oil and natural gas but unluckily these resources are consuming when times goes on. Due to this job, research workers are seeking to develop alternate fuels, new agencies of bring forthing energy and energy efficiency demand. They have developed many beginnings of renewable energy which is chemical energy, electrical energy, beaming energy and atomic energy. Although all these options beginnings of energy is renewable, but it besides pose other negative impact to the environment said Kofi ( 2002 ) . In some states, clean energy is produced which is energy that does non bring forth waste merchandises besides known as green energy. Harmonizing to Bakar, Sam, Tahir, Rajianiand Muslan ( 2011 ) , green engineering is an evolving of assorted sort of methodological analysiss and stuffs sweetening. The use of environmental friendly mechanisms has been increased to cut down the impact ensuing from industrial sector wastage and dodo fuel ingestion due to researches that has been done by scientists related to green engineering indicating to climate alterations and planetary heating due to greenhouse gases. With the menace of planetary heating and dearly-won energy lifting, concerns are get downing to recognize the benefits of utilizing these engineerings to cut down C footmark and waste while giving the concern a positive consequences said Zainura ( 2010 ) . A A A A A A A Harmonizing to Eyraud, Wane, Zhang and Clements ( 2011 ) , they have done research on renewable energy by analysing the tendencies and determiners of investing on green engineering for the last decennaries on advanced and emerging states. They are utilizing multi-country historical dataset and the consequences shows that green investing has become an of import factor in energy sector which is turning quickly largely by China.1.3 Development of Green TechnologyThere are assorted types of green engineering such as air current power, solar energy, hydroelectric power which is derived from the H2O motion, biofuels which is derived from firing workss and animate beings substances. , geothermic energy which is derived from the heat that given off by the Earth, biomass which is produced by the organic stuffs such as workss and animate beings.Figure 2: G20 Renewable Electricity ProductionDegree centigrades: UsersUserDesktopUntitled.png Beginning: NRDC, 2012 ; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012 ; Bloomberg New Energy Finance 2012 There is a research and informations aggregation prepared by the NRDC, 2012 ; U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012 ; Bloomberg New Energy Finance 2012 demoing some of import statistics in per centum of the renewable electricity production and investing of ranked the G20 state. The electricity are produced by assorted sort of renewable resources such as the air current, solar, geothermic, moving ridge and tidal. ( see figure 2 )Table 1: Electricity from Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Tidal and Wave in the G20 CountriesDegree centigrades: UsersUserDesktopUntitled1.png Beginning: Natural Resources Defense Council, Energy Information Administration, and Bloomberg New Energy Finance As of 2011, the EU states are truly taking the battalion, with Germany the most out of the G20 states, acquiring about 11 % of its energy from renewable beginnings. It ‘s followed by the EU as a whole with about 7 % , so Italy and Indonesia. Other states like the U.S. , China, Mexico, and Brazil slowdown buttocks. The US comes in at 7th topographic point, where its measly 2.7 % renewable energy puts it merely a hair in front of Mexico. Russia comes in last, with 0.0 % of its energy coming from renewable beginnings. While all these states have made of import advancement since 2002 they are still significantly behind other states like New Zealand, Spain, Portugal, and Iceland ( see table 1 ) . The NRDC besides ranked the states on how much their renewable energy production has grown since 2002. South Korea has had the most growing: it multiplied its then-puny production 200 times, seting it at a still-puny 0.9 % . China comes in a distant second, holding multiplied its renewable energy more than 80 times. The US is 11th on that list, holding quadrupled its production. Argentina, where production has decreased by 12 % , is last. ( see table 1 )Table 2: Top States for Clean Energy Investments in 2011Degree centigrades: UsersUserDesktopUntitled3.png Beginning: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, 2012 These lifting tendencies are demoing up in the investing in clean energy in each of these G20 countries.A Since 2002, the G20 states have cumulatively invested over $ 860 billion in clean energy, harmonizing to informations fromA Bloomberg New Energy Finance. The bulk of this investing has occurred in the E.U. ( $ 291 billion ) , followed by the U.S. ( $ 215 billion ) , China ( $ 197 billion ) , Brazil ( $ 52 billion ) , and India ( $ 40 billion ) . Saudi Arabia, which has spent a hapless $ 20 million since 2004, comes in last topographic point. This is because in Saudi Arabia the oil monetary value is still low. In the thick of worldwide renewable energy sector growing, some authorities policies encouraged renewable energy growing much more efficaciously than others, such as Germany ‘s feed-in duties. The United States has been prosecuting renewable energy less sharply than Germany has, and, in conformity with the stating â€Å" you reap what you sow, † Germany has far more efficaciously stimulated renewable energy growing. To to the full understand the importance of weighing an aggressive growing policy versus a milder one, it ‘s of import to understand the intent of promoting renewable energy use. Due to the fact that planetary heating is a clip bomb that requires pressing action, a mild growing policy that leaves the United States bring forthing merely 2.7 % of power from renewable beginnings is non equal. Every twelvemonth that coal power workss dominate, they make a important part to our turning planetary heating job. If planetary heating was non an issue, it could be pursued less sharply. However, peak oil is a concern every bit good. The study ‘s writers remind the 20 states of the committedness they 20 made in 2002 to â€Å" well increase the planetary portion of renewable energy beginnings. † They ‘ve made a difference: in the G20 states as a whole, new clean energy investings have increased by about 600 per centum, far outpacing economic growing in those states. But it ‘s non plenty, the study ‘s writers warn. Without a dramatic turnaround, the G20 states are on no path to run into their end. The G20 states as a whole presently use 2.6 % renewable energy. Based on current tendencies, they will be utilizing under 4 per centum by 2015, and less than 6 per centum by 2020. ( Jake Schmidt & A ; Aaron Haifly, Jan 2012 )Problem Statement1.4 Research Objective1.4.1 General Aim: The general aim of this survey is to analyze the factor that enhances the planetary green engineering in economic position. Other than that, the intent of this survey is to analyze the cointegration and long tally relationship among the variables by utilizing Vector Error Correction Model ( VECM ) method. Then, we will establish out which variables are significantly influenced others and how it does in order to detect a more effectual manner in making an sweetening of green engineering in planetary. There are five variables that we used in our survey, which are clean energy index ( green engineering index ) , fossil fuel monetary value, CO2 license ‘s monetary value, engineering index and the market stock monetary value ( S & A ; P 500 ) . Last, the specific aims of this research are as follow. 1.4.2 Specific Aim: Our specific aims are as follows: 1. To analyze whether clean energy index and dodo fuel monetary value has any cointegrated and long tally relationship by utilizing VECM. 2. To analyze whether clean energy index and CO2 permit ‘s monetary value has any cointegrated and long tally relationship by utilizing VECM. 3. To analyze whether clean energy index and engineering index has any cointegrated and long tally relationship by utilizing VECM. 4. To analyze whether clean energy index and S & A ; P 500 has any cointegrated and long tally relationship by utilizing VECM.1.5 Research QuestionMake the clean energy index and dodo fuel monetary value have a important relationship between each other? Make the clean energy index and CO2 permit ‘s monetary value have a important relationship between each other? Make the clean energy index and engineering index have a important relationship between each other? Make the clean energy index and S & A ; P 500 have a important relationship between each other?1.6 Hypothesis of the surveyIn our research, we treated all the variables as our dependent variables. Therefore in this instance there is no demand to stipulate which variables are endogenous variables and which are the exogenic variables by utilizing this VECM method. So, we are traveling to do a hypotheses to calculate out either there are cointegrated and long tally relationship exist among these variables. In fact, as we noticed that, the quickly turning of the green engineering globally in recent decennaries, therefore, we are expected that the variables we had chosen will hold long tally relationship and cointegrated among each others.1.7 Significant of the surveyBack to the old surveies, past research worker have stated that the clean energy index, engineering index, oil monetary value, involvement rate have long run relationship and cointegrated among each other. However, the survey had figured out CO2 license ‘s monetary value had no long tally relationship and no influenced by other variables ( Surender Kumar, 2009 ) . Therefore, in our survey, we decided to look into over the CO2 license ‘s monetary value with other variables once more to calculate out whether there is an being of cointegrated and long tally relationship among them. Due to the aggressively rises of the pollution rate and the energy crisis jobs, it has been pealing a bell to non merely the developed states but globally including those states which are still in developing phase. Based on the antecedently surveies, most of the research workers were merely concentrate the country of survey on developed states and some of them are universe ‘s renewable energy leaders ( Germany, Denmark, Spain ) , such as the OECD states and G20 states. On the other manus, part of other little states besides ca n't be neglected. So, it is of import to look into other developing states which are besides undergoing a immense betterment in their clean energy growing such as Iceland, Lesotho, Albania, Paraguay, Bhutan and Mozambique. Therefore, we decided to make a globally research on our subject. Besides that, the authorities and future research worker may utilize this survey as their mentions. For illustration, authorities will acquire benefit by have some thoughts with how to heighten their green engineering due to the past research had stated that the state gross domestic production has a positive relationship straight with the green engineering growing. Furthermore, hereafter research worker can make a reappraisal on this survey and they may make a more dependable with future theory.1.8 Chapter LayoutIn chapter one, which is the introductory chapter includes background and definition of green engineering and how it benefits to the environment, job statement, aims, hypothesis and in conclusion theoretical model. In the background and definition portion, we discuss about the importance of clean energy besides known as renewable energy and what is benefits it will convey to our environment. After that, our research will go on to job statement. In this portion, we will discourse about the job and issue of the research subject in item. Then we will continue to following portion which is the aim. It is separated into two parts that is general aim which is the chief aim of our research and specific aim which is specific thought of what we are traveling to prove. And in conclusion we will go on with theoretical model that is the construction that supports the theory of a research survey. A In this portion, we will include and depict the theory that we use and apply in this research.

Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings

Melvin Richardson Professor Shana Smith English 112 (D22P) March 21, 2013 Machin Rifamos (The Rise of Brown America An argument essay by Melvin Richardson) â€Å"Resistance is futile† is a resounding statement first exclaimed by the alien race called the Borg in the Gene Roddenberry long running television series Star Trek. â€Å"Why do you resist? Asked the Borg commander, Ryker replies â€Å"I like my species the way it is†! Borg commander counters with, â€Å"We only wish to raise quality of life for all species†.This is the last thing you heard before your kind was assimilated and your unique cultural and biological essences absorbed. If you have heard or read this statement before, it’s because it has been the theme of White America since its inception and so has appropriating and assimilating cultures, with racism, class warfare, and loss of ethnic identity as unfortunate by-products. The Xicano (Chicano) was able to evolve and retain their cultural identity and ethnicity by creating a border dialect or language (a Patois) which supports the view of the essayist Gloria Anzaldua’s â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue. This dialect is viewed as sub-cultured jargon in their homeland (Mexico) where Standard Mexican Spanish is spoken and the Working Class English is demanded by their adopted host north of the border, America. Ultimately, the appropriation and assimilation of borderland Mexicans (Hispanic Americans) did not occur as did the Native American Indians or the African Americans that occupy the rest of the nation. However, these Hispanic Americans, who are considered second class in their native home (Mexico) and 3rd class by the U. S.For use many years use of the Spanish language declined in the Chicano Nation because of the immigration of Anglo-Americans and the brutal efforts of the U. S. imperialists to eradicate the Spanish language. Further analysis reveals, the link between language and identity with respect to c ommunity cohesiveness effects self- awareness. The focus of Gloria Anzaldua’s essay, â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† focuses on the idea of losing an accent or native language to conform to the current environment. Anzaldua’s essay describe what it was for her, living in a English speaking nvironment, and not being an Anglo, combined with speaking Xicano Spanish and not true Spanish. Many Xicano parents did not pass the Spanish language on to their children, largely because upward mobility in America is directly connected to proper use of the â€Å"Queen’s English† with all its proper enunciations and cultural correctness’s. As substantiated in her piece she stated, â€Å"being caught speaking Spanish at recess—that was good for three licks on the knuckles with a sharp ruler and being sent to the corner of the classroom for talking back to the Anglo teacher when all I was trying to do was tell her how to pronounce my name.The Anglo teacher said, â€Å"If you want to be American, speak American, if you don’t like it, and go back to Mexico where you belong. † However by contrast, now this trend is reversing itself with the rise of Hispanic Americans, both born in the U. S. and the ones that were able to acquire U. S. citizenship. At one time, it seemed that the English language would replace Spanish as the common language of the Xicano Nation, this no longer appears likely. Anzaldua is arguing for the ways in which identity is intertwined with the way we speak and for the ways in which people can be made to feel ashamed of their own tongues.People no matter what race of culture needs a group of like kinds in which to identify their proud ethnicities and heritages. This tendency for oneness or sameness is demonstrated in an article published in the Colorado Gazette â€Å"A New Era in Race Relations? Real life say’s not so much†. William King, professor of Afro-American Studies of the University of Colorado-Boulder, â€Å"insist(s) it's just human nature to seek out people who look like them† he insists there's more to it: blacks and other minorities segregate themselves only because society has taught them that grouping together is the only way to stay safe.In support of this argument I contend that this feeling of being ashamed of one’s own native tongue is nothing less than marginalization, in order to appropriate the labor of the Hispanic Americans to keep them from assimilating into the American mainstream. In the 1960’s American society was influenced by movements that were fighting the political and social injustices of the time. The Xicano movement was no exception. During this time there were visible signs of â€Å"No Dogs or Mexicans Allowed† as well as a general sentiment of segregation based on race and economic class.As the movement started to progress in the Xicano (Hispanic) community, identifying with the term Chicano b ecame widely accepted. This is an evolutionary moment of the language. Although native Mexicans believe that the word Chicano is an ugly term to use when identifying one’s cultural background. To them, Chicano signifies a lower class of the Mexican. The term â€Å"Chicano† seemed to spring up out of very impoverished areas of the Mexican-American neighborhoods known as Barrios.Mexicans, as well as US culture connected the word Chicano with another term called Pachuco or Cholo. Despite the negative connotations and images the term sparks up youth and others (gang members) embrace being Cholo, to call oneself a child of the Mexica. In support of the position taken by Senora Gloria Anzaldua, I titled my piece â€Å"Machin Rifamos† which means â€Å"High achieving† and â€Å"We Rule†. Xicano dialect is an evolutionary event. With the rise of Hispanic Americans in every walk of American life, the â€Å"phoenix effect† is occurring.William Blaine Richardson, governor of New Mexico; Sonya Sotomayor Supreme Court Judge; Linda T. Sanchez U. S. congresswoman; with individuals that not only speak Xicano; need the support of this new powerful evolved group of Americans and potential Americans . The evidence is irreversible and ongoing. By the end of this century, Spanish speakers will comprise the biggest minority group in the U. S. , and the America that has been, conditioned by effortless assimilating, appropriating cultures and native people, miss the boat this time.

Free Essays on Affirmative Action

There are many issues in today’s society that have two solid sides to them, sides, or positions, that cannot be proven absolutely wrong or right. Issues such as capital punishment, abortion, labor unions, animal rights and the list goes on and on. But one issue of this sort haunts our schools, our industries, and the subject, or core, of the issue has haunted our country for the last century. The subject of race, and the issue of affirmative action. In the case of affirmative action, like other controversial issues, each side is strongly supported and neither side can be proven right or proven wrong. The supporters claim it is the best way to ensure equal opportunity in the schools and in the workplace, while those opposing it claim that it merely takes away opportunity from one race, and unjustly hands it to another. The side of this fine line that will be exploited in the following paragraphs is the side opposing affirmative action. The results of affirmative action are more harmful than helpful because it negatively affects the general public, denies opportunity to the deserving, and is an abuse of law and power by government. First, affirmative action negatively affects the public by setting quotas and standards in fields of life that race should have no preference to. For example: colleges and universities. Standards should not be set on which percentage of which race should attend a college or university. An Ivy League school shouldn’t be required to have a percentage of students of each race and nationality. They should be allowed to enroll whom they feel best suits the educational requirements needed to be successful at the school. When standards are in effect students, who were accepted as a result of affirmative action, may find they cannot meet the educational requirements at the school and fail out. This in turn will more than likely either waste a years worth of work, and the individual will just attend another univer... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Free Essays on Affirmative Action Considering the subject of affirmative action the following questions frequently are raised: Is there a clear understanding of affirmative action roles/goals? What are the pros/cons of these programs? What are the "loop holes" in the system? Does seniority play a role in affirmative action? Addressing these key questions may help us all in our daily routine, as administrators and/or potential administrator in the public/private sector. Affirmative action programs throughout the United States have long been a controversial issue particularly concerning employment practices (public/private) and university student and/or staff recruitment. Most public agencies have some type of instituted affirmative action program. According to Cheryl Perry-League, Director of Equal Opportunity of the Port of Oakland, every business operating on Port of Oakland owned land must have a standing affirmative action program on record and businesses bidding to do work for the Port of Oakland must have an acc eptably diverse workforce. BACKGROUND To understand the role and/or goals of affirmative actions programs we should define what the broad definition of what affirmative action is and what caused its development. The phase "affirmative action" was used in a racial discrimination context. Executive Order No. 10,925 issued by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. The order indicated that federal contractors should take affirmative action to ensure job applicants and employees are treated "without regard to their race, creed, or national origin." A person could define this statement as an order to imply equal access and nothing else. Subsequently, Executive Order 11246 issued by President Johnson in September 1965, "mandated affirmative action goals for all federally funded programs and moved monitoring and enforcement of affirmative action programs out of the White House and into the Labor Department." Affirmative action "refers to various efforts to deliberately ... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Discrimination is part of history, part of everyday life, and part of every single person in this country. Affirmative action is necessary in today’s American society to counteract the effects of past discrimination, and to help exterminate future tribulations. Although geared towards minorities, in a world dominated by white male’s affirmative action plays a major role in the elimination of prejudice against women and minorities alike. Established in 1964, as part of the Civil Rights Act, affirmative action was a huge step in American recovery from a Horrible past. A commission to enforce affirmative action was not put into order until years later. The Equal Employment Opportunities act was established in 1972, to enforce what was or other wise just an idea put on paper. ( The Columbia Encyclopedia, 659). Throughout the 70’s there were a few cases pertaining to the quotas being used, and their tendency of â€Å"reverse discrimination†. (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 659) The dispute of reverse discrimination was acknowledged in certain cases, but most programs kept their existing policies. A case in 1979 sought out and achieved approval of quotas to be used in private businesses and unions using affirmative action. Affirmative action was broken down and rebuilt multiple times throughout the late 70’s and 80’s. In the 90’s, with the help of the Civil Rights Act of 1991, affirmative action was now a solid policy for the first time in 20 years. (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 659) However, in 1995, the policy was run through the gamut once more, and restrictions were placed on the use of race when pertaining to government contracts. In 1995 using quotas was ruled illegal by the supreme court. Once more put through test of time, the late 90’s brought change again. The government programs previously affected by the 1995 make over, were now molded to aid anyone who is â€Å"socially disadvantaged.†( The Columbia Enc... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Affirmative action was created because of the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s to increase diversity in America’s workplace. Since then, there has been plenty of controversy surrounding it. Today, affirmative action programs have become more of a discriminatory system which gives less qualified applicants an edge on sex and skin color and nothing else. These programs have evolved to be less about civil rights to become more of a stepping stool. They also have added an increase of tension between all races. Activists have complained about companies having quotas for minorities and women so they can have a certain percentage of their working population. Since this does not have an emphasis on people that are the best for the job, this can be detrimental to the operation of the job market. Affirmative action promotes the hiring of less skilled workers. It sometimes forces employers to choose the best worker, which is in the minority, they can find, regardless of whether they have the required job skills. For example, most universities and colleges have quotas for how many minority students they want or should enroll to the freshman class. Some people call the Affirmative Action Act â€Å"reverse discrimination†, but the act can be discrimination within itself. Reverse discrimination basically implies that we are discriminating against the â€Å"majority† instead of the usual â€Å"minority.† The Civil Rights Act was created to have employers to consider applicants objectively in filling jobs within their companies. This was highly needed years ago, today, people overall are more educated then before. We should not have to help people who are not truly struggling from this at the expense of people who are qualified. Affirmative action is based on race and sex; it is not accurately based for measuring those who are most in need. By lowering the bar of admissions to universities and the work force, we are promoting and ensuring ... Free Essays on Affirmative Action When people talk about the civil rights movement, the first thing that comes to mind is the famous speech â€Å"I have a dream† by Martin Luther King. His dream in short was to have equality among human beings. For the past thirty years, this country has been revolutionizing humanitarianism because there is greater concern for human welfare than one hundred years ago. The revolution began during the 1960’s, and during that era this county was drastically involved in changing the civil rights of minority groups. From this concern, a program called affirmative action evolved. Like other civil right movements, the affirmative action movement was implemented to promote equality. Affirmative action is an attempt by the Unites States to amend a long history of racial discrimination and injustice. According to The American Heritage College Dictionary, the term affirmative action refers to a policy or program that seeks to redress past discrimination by increasing opportunities for underrepresented groups. Since this was such a controversial subject, the program brought out two opposing sides that seemed to have reasonable explanations for both supporting and opposing the issue. The people that support affirmative action, argue that this advantage for people of color is needed because of the fact that how badly black people were discriminated against. Besides, they claim that because of the discrimination that once was, these people are at a disadvantage, and always have been, therefore equality of opportunity is needed. On the other hand, people that oppose this issue claim that the battle for equal rights is over, and that this advantage made for people of color discriminates against people that are not of color. As for myself, my opinion about this issue seems to be twisted. I believe that our county needed some kind of a law that would provide relief and equal opportunities to minorities that were discriminated against. Howe... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Stereotyping and the Media Stereotypes are a huge problem in today’s society, and can result in predjudice, mistreatment, and discrimination amongst people of all races, religions, and beliefs. Everyone seems to rely on stereotypes in some way, usually to describe differences between groups and to predict how others will behave. Problems with stereotyping include overgeralization, seeing what we already believe, avoiding power sharing, and to justify hostility. In order to change a stereotype held on specific people or groups of people, you must actually get to know those people you hold stereotypes on. This may confirm the stereotype, or be the exposure you need to correct your false data. The media seems to take in those stereotypes we hold and use them to their advantage, in my opinion to play on emotions for ratings. In other words, because of popular culture and our own cultural identities, we are drawn to watch television programs that we can relate to in some way, and with this comes creation an d reinforcement of different stereotypes. In my opinion, the media influences our stereotypes by taking the stereotypes we already have on a specific group, and then using those stereotypes with a character in a specific television show. For instance, someone may hold a stereotype on African American females as being loud and obnoxious. The television show â€Å"Martin† features an African American female named Sheneanea. Her character fits that stereotype of African American females perfectly. Sheneanea is loud, obnoxious and as ghetto as the come. If viewers have no contact with African American women other than through television, what choice do they have but to belive that all women of that particular race reflect the television image. Besides, did you know that on average, Americans watch more than 40 hours of television a week (Martin, pg. 166)? Another huge stereotype people hold is against gays and lesbians. The first ste... Free Essays on Affirmative Action The Unites States Constitution, in Amendment XIV, Section 1, states, "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. (1)" Affirmative action can trace its roots back to the 14th amendment, although it did not really get started until Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act was passed, giving minorities equal employment rights. The overall strategy and outline for this plan were contained in Executive Order 11246, which was issued by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1972 (Gilbert et al. 2). This led to a wave of programs that were intended to further the equal employment opp ortunities for minority individuals. Affirmative action programs were intended to legally require organizations to be diverse. During the 1990's these programs have come under a lot of scrutiny and are being replaced with a concept known as diversity management. . Managing and valuing diversity are key aspects of organizational behavior, but the question lies in how to create the diversity within the organization. In this paper, I will examine several articles that will give us reasons that affirmative action should be replaced by diversity management, as well as one that believes that affirmative action is still needed in today's society. Mary Guy believes that affirmative action programs are still needed today. She noted that if we lived in a perfect world we would not have a need for organizations to have affirmative action programs (240). However, since people have a tendency to work around people that are most like us, programs are needed to ensure that... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Affirmative action by definition is a system designed to remedy past discrimination and eliminate current and future discrimination. This has become quite the problem in many areas. I have read and come to understand that this is an immense problem within the universities. In one university this has been pinpointed and tried in court numerous times, such as the University of Michigan. Michigan policies amount to a quota system that unfairly rewards or penalizes perspective students, based solely on their race. America is a diverse country, racially, economically, and ethnically. We all believe that our institutions of higher education should reflect the diversity we try so hard to portray. Also, being in a university based on different backgrounds of many different people, this teaches you respect, understanding, and goodwill. So the question is, do the universities have the right to single out students solely because of their skin color on whether or not they’re academically equipped for their institution? There were two separate but parallel cases based on just that very question. The Grutter vs. Bollinger case decided on a 5 to 4 vote to uphold the University of Michigan’s law school affirmative action policy, which would be in favor of the minorities. The next case Gratz vs. Bollinger showed a 6 to 3 vote, which struck down the affirmative action policy for undergraduate admissions. In the first ruling of affirmative action in higher education admissions, the nation’s highest court ruled that race could be used in university admission decisions. They also had to put limits to the amount of play the factor of race can have in your actual admission process. My thoughts on this are very simple. I believe and always have believed that your mental ability has nothing to do with your background, your skin color, nor does it have anything to do with your religion. I was contemplating that thought and if you think about it, it re... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Affirmative action works. There are thousands of examples of situations where people of color, white women, and working class women and men of all races who were previously excluded from jobs or educational opportunities, or were denied opportunities once admitted, have gained access through affirmative action. When these policies received executive branch and judicial support, vast numbers of people of color, white women and men have gained access they would not otherwise have had. These gains have led to very real changes. Affirmative action programs have not eliminated racism, nor have they always been implemented without problems. However, there would be no struggle to roll back the gains achieved if affirmative action policies were ineffective. The implementation of affirmative action was America's first honest attempt at solving a problem, it had previously chosen to ignore. In a variety of areas, from the quality of health care to the rate of employment, blacks still remain fa r behind whites. Their representation in the more prestigious professions is still almost insignificant. Comparable imbalances exist for other racial and ethnic minorities as well as for women. Yet, to truly understand the importance of affirmative action, one must look at America's past discrimination to see why, at this point in history, we must become more "color conscious". History Of Discrimination In America: Events Leading To Affirmative Action. The Declaration of Independence asserts that "all men are created equal." Yet America is scarred by a long history of legally imposed inequality. Snatched from their native land, transported thousands of miles-in a nightmare of disease and death-and sold into slavery, blacks in America were reduced to the legal status of farm animals. A Supreme Court opinion, Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), made this official by classifying slaves as a species of "private property." Even after slavery was abolished by the Thirt... Free Essays on Affirmative Action AFFIRMATIVE ACTION The original goal of the civil rights movement had been "color-blind" laws. However, many people believed that simply ending a long-standing policy of discrimination did not go far enough. They believed that affirmative measures to increase equality were necessary that’s why affirmative action was created. Affirmative Action, are policies used in the United States to encourage the increase of opportunities for women and minorities like favoring them in hiring and promotion, college admissions, salary increases, career advancement or scholarships. Depending upon the situation, â€Å"minorities† might include any underrepresented group, especially one defined by race, ethnicity, or gender. Generally, affirmative action has been undertaken by governments, businesses, or educational institutions to remedy the effects of past discrimination against a group, whether by a specific entity, such as a corporation, or by society as a whole. Critics charge that affirmative action policies, which give preferential treatment to people based on their membership in a group, violate the principal that all individuals are equal under the law. These critics argue that it is unfair to discriminate against members of one group today to compensate for discrimination against other groups in the past. They regard affirmative action as a form of reverse discrimination that unfairly prevents whites and men from being hired and promoted. But in the other side discrimination is, by definition, an unfair treatment of people because they belong to a certain group. Therefore, effective solutions must be given to aid groups that have suffered from discrimination. We might achieve one of the goals of affirmative action namely, increasing diversity in higher education by improving the odds for minority student engaging them in a high-quality education at every level. Affirmative action policies are the only way to ensure an integra... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Who Ever Is the Most Qualified When a person is being interviewed for a job, should it depend on their color or sex whether they get the job or not? My reply is it shouldn't depend on either of those two things. It should be determined by whether they are the best qualified for the job they are applying for. The effects of affirmative action are hurtful to many people. I truly do not understand why there is such a thing as affirmative action. Louis P. Pojman gives this as a definition; †Affirmative action is the effort to rectify the injustice of the past by special policies. Put this way, it is Janus-faced or ambiguous, having both a backward-looking and a forward-looking feature. The backward-looking feature is its attempt to correct and compensate for past injustice. This aspect of affirmative action is strictly deontological. The forward-looking feature is it’s implicit ideal of a society free from prejudice; this is both deontological and utilitarianâ€Å"(420). Just by this definitio n you could tell affirmative action was not well thought out. First of all you can not change the past. Therefore what ever is being done now about the rights of women and blacks does not compensate for how they were once treated. As Louis P. Pojman Said, â€Å"Sometimes a wrong cannot be compensated, and we just have to make the best of an imperfect world†(430). By giving an unqualified women a job over an over-qualified man does not fix all the problems we had in the past. Also if a black person and a white person both applied for the same job and the white person had more experience, should the black person just be hired to meet a quota? That would not be fair. This to me is doing the same thing we had done in the past except it is reversed against white people. By giving a job to a black person just because of their color is just as bad as turning them away for their color. Louis P. Pojman explains, â€Å"This message holds t... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Affirmative Action The first difficulty to a rational discussion of Affirmative Action is defining exactly what it is. Because it’s bring into play has been limited in certain respects by court decisions, certain descriptors are avoided, even if it is not entirely clear that they do not rightly be relevant. Affirmative Action is often defined by its deliberate result: a way of correcting the historical wrongs suffered by certain minority groups, especially blacks. But that could apply to any kind of reimbursement program, whether financial or educational, including one that directed certain actions to be taken. Any attempt to define Affirmative Action particularly launches one immediately on controversy, because it introduces the very elements that are so hotly contested or sighted. Affirmative action, in theory, is a matter of distributive justice, which is why liberals and progressives tend to look benevolently on it while conservatives and libertarians consider it a travesty. But in practice, does it actually advance the cause of justice in America? In some respects it has attempted to remedy the long-term effects of slavery and racial segregation; then again, programs that benefit women and recent immigrants cannot be defended on those grounds. Is it supposed to enhance "diversity" in colleges, professional schools and workplaces, or is it more specifically a set of programs for enhancing the class mobility of people who are structurally disadvantaged from birth? How can we decide whether affirmative action has been successfuland how can we decide whether affirmative action could ever be so successful as to become obsolete? (Bà ©rubà ©, Michael 2005) Affirmative Action may also contain acceptance of a minority applicant in cases where other applicants would be considered as unqualified, even though no qualified applicant is displaced. Affirmative Action is mainly occupied in applications to educational institutions, and in e... Free Essays on Affirmative Action The original goal of the civil rights movement had been "color-blind" laws. However, many people believed that simply ending a long-standing policy of discrimination did not go far enough. They believed that affirmative measures to increase equality were necessary that’s why affirmative action was created. Affirmative Action, are policies used in the United States to encourage the increase of opportunities for women and minorities like favoring them in hiring and promotion, college admissions, salary increases, career advancement or scholarships. Depending upon the situation, â€Å"minorities† might include any underrepresented group, especially one defined by race, ethnicity, or gender. Generally, affirmative action has been undertaken by governments, businesses, or educational institutions to remedy the effects of past discrimination against a group, whether by a specific entity, such as a corporation, or by society as a whole. Critics charge that affirmative action policies, which give preferential treatment to people based on their membership in a group, violate the principal that all individuals are equal under the law. These critics argue that it is unfair to discriminate against members of one group today to compensate for discrimination against other groups in the past. They regard affirmative action as a form of reverse discrimination that unfairly prevents whites and men from being hired and promoted. But in the other side discrimination is, by definition, an unfair treatment of people because they belong to a certain group. Therefore, effective solutions must be given to aid groups that have suffered from discrimination. We might achieve one of the goals of affirmative action namely, increasing diversity in higher education by improving the odds for minority student engaging them in a high-quality education at every level. Affirmative action policies are the only way to ensure an integrated society in which a... Free Essays on Affirmative Action There are many issues in today’s society that have two solid sides to them, sides, or positions, that cannot be proven absolutely wrong or right. Issues such as capital punishment, abortion, labor unions, animal rights and the list goes on and on. But one issue of this sort haunts our schools, our industries, and the subject, or core, of the issue has haunted our country for the last century. The subject of race, and the issue of affirmative action. In the case of affirmative action, like other controversial issues, each side is strongly supported and neither side can be proven right or proven wrong. The supporters claim it is the best way to ensure equal opportunity in the schools and in the workplace, while those opposing it claim that it merely takes away opportunity from one race, and unjustly hands it to another. The side of this fine line that will be exploited in the following paragraphs is the side opposing affirmative action. The results of affirmative action are more harmful than helpful because it negatively affects the general public, denies opportunity to the deserving, and is an abuse of law and power by government. First, affirmative action negatively affects the public by setting quotas and standards in fields of life that race should have no preference to. For example: colleges and universities. Standards should not be set on which percentage of which race should attend a college or university. An Ivy League school shouldn’t be required to have a percentage of students of each race and nationality. They should be allowed to enroll whom they feel best suits the educational requirements needed to be successful at the school. When standards are in effect students, who were accepted as a result of affirmative action, may find they cannot meet the educational requirements at the school and fail out. This in turn will more than likely either waste a years worth of work, and the individual will just attend another univer... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Affirmative Action Has it run its course By: Joan Siegel â€Å"It is a mistake to assume that the Negro, who had been a slave for two hundred and fifty years, gained his freedom by the signing, on a certain date, of a certain paper by the President of the United States. It is a mistake to assume that one man can, in any true sense, give freedom to another. Freedom, in a larger and higher sense, every man must gain for himself.† Booker T. Washington In his Autobiography The problem in a realistic model of Affirmative Action is due to the history, political evolution and complicated definition. Affirmative Action as such has never been a law or even government policy. Affirmative Action has been comprised of a series of executive orders, governmental programs, civil rights laws, and enforcement of equal opportunity practices. The basis for Affirmative Action dates as far back as, the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which stated â€Å"all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Terri tory, to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ( Marable, 4). Then in 1941, F.D.R. signed Executive order 8802, which outlawed discriminatory hiring practices by defense related industries holding federal contracts. Subsequently President Truman formed the Government Contract Compliance Committee that advocated the Bureau of Employment Security to act confidently and in a positive manner to execute the guiding principle of nondiscrimination in its role of placement counseling. Therefore the word Affirmative Action was not used until President Kennedy's executive order 10925 in 1961. The basic idea to eliminate prejudices has been around for over a century. I believe that when President Kennedy established Affirmative Action it was a necessary and ... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Affirmative action works. There are thousands of examples of situations where people of color, white women, and working class women and men of all races who were previously excluded from jobs or educational opportunities, or were denied opportunities once admitted, have gained access through affirmative action. When these policies received executive branch and judicial support, vast numbers of people of color, white women and men have gained access they would not otherwise have had. These gains have led to very real changes. Affirmative action programs have not eliminated racism, nor have they always been implemented without problems. However, there would be no struggle to roll back the gains achieved if affirmative action policies were ineffective. The implementation of affirmative action was America's first honest attempt at solving a problem, it had previously chosen to ignore. In a variety of areas, from the quality of health care to the rate of employment, blacks still remain far behind whites. Their representation in the more prestigious professions is still almost insignificant. Comparable imbalances exist for other racial and ethnic minorities as well as for women. Yet, to truly understand the importance of affirmative action, one must look at America's past discrimination to see why, at this point in history, we must become more "color conscious". History Of Discrimination In America: Events Leading To Affirmative Action. The Declaration of Independence asserts that "all men are created equal." Yet America is scarred by a long history of legally imposed inequality. Snatched from their native land, transported thousands of miles-in a nightmare of disease and death-and sold into slavery, blacks in America were reduced to the legal status of farm animals. A Supreme Court opinion, Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), made this official by classifying slaves as a species of "private property." Even after slavery was abolished by... Free Essays on Affirmative Action As we look at the United States of America and its people today we can see that a large number of the population is racially mixed. It is almost impossible to say that a person is one thing or another. It seems that all existing races and nationalities are to be found somewhere in the country. Several reasons are the cause of such a vast diversity of people. One of the reasons is the idea of living the American dream. People from all over the world, especially poor countries, try to come to the U.S. to start a new, better life, it does not matter if legal or illegal. Upon arrival many have to find out that life is not easy as it sometimes appears, not even in America. Employment is difficult to find and those who find a job are often underpaid or have to deal with other difficulties. To prevent situations like these from happening the government has come up with a plan known as affirmative action to protect all people that are not white males. Affirmative action means taking positive steps to recruit, hire, train, and promote individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of race, sex, disability, or other characteristics. In this sense, affirmative action goes beyond equal employment opportunity, which requires employers to eliminate discriminatory conditions, whether inadvertent or intentional, and to treat all employees equally in the workplace. The requirements can be imposed on an employer in a number of ways: by federal law, for federal government contractors and subcontractors; as part of a conciliation agreement with a state or federal agency; or by court order. In addition, some employers voluntarily adopt affirmative action plans in an effort to create a more balanced workforce. Nevertheless the situation was not always as good as it is seems to be today. Due to the history of the United States of America, affirmative action has come a long way, however it still has to go even further b... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Introduction Affirmative action works. There are thousands of examples of situations where people of color, white women, and working class women and men of all races who were previously excluded from jobs or educational opportunities, or were denied opportunities once admitted, have gained access through affirmative action. When these policies received executive branch and judicial support, vast numbers of people of color, white women and men have gained access they would not otherwise have had. These gains have led to very real changes. Affirmative action programs have not eliminated racism, nor have they always been implemented without problems. However, there would be no struggle to roll back the gains achieved if affirmative action policies were ineffective. Affirmative Action in Businesses Affirmative action has had its greatest amount of success in city, state, and government jobs. Since the 1960s the area of law enforcement witnessed the greatest increase in minority applicants, and in jobs offered to minorities. This should be viewed as an extremely positive thing, because prior to affirmative action these jobs were almost completely closed off to minorities and woman. The influx has been greatest in the area of government, state and city, because this type of work is easier for affirmative action to watch over and regulate. Affirmative action has experienced considerably less success in integration in big business. This is doing to the fact that big business has been more resistant to affirmative action and harder to regulate. Affirmative action addresses preferential hiring programs. Many times people of color have been excluded from hiring pools, overtly discriminated against, unfairly eliminated because of inappropriate qualification standards, or have been rendered unqualified because of discrimination in education and housing. Court decisions on affirmative action have rendered illegal those qualifications that are no...

Drowling Mountain Ski Resort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drowling Mountain Ski Resort - Essay Example The 2008-09 figures show that an approximate 4 million people came to New York during the skiing season to enjoy the thrills of the sport, which is more or less similar to previous statistics. However, it must be kept in mind that there are around 34 ski resorts to choose from and Drowling Mountains Resort fairs poorly in certain aspects that have caused business troubles for the Board of Directors in the past. Recommendations for Improvement The major problem, of course, is the relatively secluded location of the resort compared to the larger, more populated cities. Syracuse is nearly five hours away from New York, and two hours from Albany. In addition to this, the Drowling Mountain resort must face the problem of low populations within the state. This decreases the opportunity of securing new clientele as well as lacking a healthy number of steady client bases. While it had a respectable position and a high esteem among its clients previously, it has seen a steady decline in its p opularity in the past 10 years. The economic crash in the recent years had dealt its final blow and left the Board of Directors struggling to find financing. The proposed hike in ticket sales, though indeed a positive initiative, can hardly be enough to turn the company around entirely. I think, good and cleverly targeted positive advertising would be an essential requirement of the moment. The initiation should be targeted at young and athletic groups like sponsoring skiing lessons in collaboration with the local high school or offer limited period discounts for children’s outings arranged by the school. This would create a renewed interest in the resort. This essay focuses on the analysis of sports tourism industry aspects. In order to present comprehensive, well-informed and judicious recommendations regarding the issues at hand in Drowling Mountain Ski Resort, the researcher must first focus on the present statistical and financial dynamics of the current snow sports tourism and snow games industry. In the recent past, tourism, particularly, snow tourism has attracted widespread business interests, its central attraction lying mainly in its combination of beauty, adventure sports, and entertainment. The economic centrality of snow tourism has seen significant growth in the past few decades. However, though the last 3 years have seen substantial growth in the Skiing and snow gaming industry of the US, it is indeed a tough area of business, that makes the Drowling Mountain Ski Resort case rather a tricky one. After analyzing the various figures, statistics and a thorough study of the data provided on the three rival companies, as pre sented the paper, it is concluded that an overall marketing makeover has the potential to change the face of the Drowling Mountain Resort. The best course of action, thus, should be one that exploits the opportunities presented by such a rise in interest. While the competition is steep and the inventiveness of business strategies must necessarily be restricted mostly by the involved factors of demographic, geographical and seasonal challenges and recommendations, the researcher believes, will initiate a positive change in the business.

Informative or Persuasive Speech Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative Persuasive - Speech or Presentation Example They’ve been controversial since their start: People have protested being searched, saying, â€Å"I haven’t done anything wrong. Why on earth are you searching me?† They have been protesting the time it takes and the fact that the body scanner reveals†¦ well, a little more than they ever wanted to show. In the year 2009, airport body scanners were suggested as a way to increase airport security. The unsuccessful bombing on Christmas day was no doubt what scared many airport personnel and travelers in the United States into thinking that they were necessary. Forty scanners had already been purchased for ports around the United States. Some specific airports that had scanners by 2009 were the JFK airport, the Phoenix airport, and the LA airport. On New Years’ day, 2011, we knew that things would be changing for our nation. One of the things that changed was airport security: over 159 scanners have been purchased and are awaiting installment in various a irports. The question is: How would you feel about having someone rush over to you and say, â€Å"You’ve been called out of line. ... This is designed to ensure security, and to ensure nothing is being snuck in the airport. It does not portray a Two-D image of any sort. It does, however, create a three D scanner, which security personnel can use to see whether or not you are sneaking onto the airplane. Our second option is less complex. It’s called the â€Å"backscatter X-ray.† What it does is it takes a 2-D image of the front and back of the individual that is being scanned, and it creates and rotates that movement. The X-ray takes a 2-D image of the front and back of the person. It is much like an X-Ray technology. [Slide X shows the process that the airport scanners go through.] There are many pros to this technology, despite the protests about the scanner. For one, for instance, we are able to see what is being snuck across airplane borders. This is great, because not everyone is truthful with what they are taking across the borders. The airport technology will no doubt help prevent another attack such as September 11, 2011. These airport security scanners are designed to reveal everything under the clothes, preventing anyone from being able to sneak things through. It is able to show both metallic and non metallic weapons. It is also able to show guns, knives, plastic, explosives, and many other items. The body scanners reveal items that a simple pat down would miss. Many people protest the scanners because there are other options. â€Å"Why don’t you just pat me down?† They ask. However, a simple pat down can miss hidden objects, may be against regulations in some cultures, and are known for â€Å"being touching†, something many women have found to be inappropriate. Another alternative – dogs – can only help so much. Swabs can detect chemicals and explosives, but